FPSC- Programmer (BS-17) - PMD High Yield - 2026 — Test 7

Correct Answer: C. Regression testing
Explanation: Retesting confirms that the specific fix works. Regression testing checks for side effects elsewhere. ALSO KNOW (related points): • Who performs alpha testing, and where? → Internal staff or selected users at the developer's site • Checking that an application displays correctly in Urdu, including right-to-left text and local date formats, is called: → Localization testing • In system testing, which environment should the tests run in? → An environment that closely resembles production • When are automated tests most worthwhile compared with manual tests? → For stable, frequently repeated tests, such as regression suites

Correct Answer: C. Smoke testing
Explanation: Sanity testing is a narrow check of a specific fix or area after a change. ALSO KNOW (related points): • Checking that a web application works on Chrome, Firefox, Edge, and Safari is which type of testing? → Compatibility (cross-browser) testing

Correct Answer: D. Stress testing
Explanation: Load testing checks behavior at the expected peak load. Stress testing pushes past that limit. ALSO KNOW (related points): • Which statement about User Acceptance Testing (UAT) is correct? → It is performed by the client or end users to decide whether to accept the system • Which type of testing checks how easy and pleasant a system is to use? → Usability testing • Testing how well a system recovers from crashes, power loss, or hardware failure is called: → Recovery testing • An authorized simulated attack to find exploitable security weaknesses is called: → Penetration testing • Testing a system with a very large amount of data, such as 10 years of hourly sensor readings, is called: → Volume testing

Correct Answer: D. 3 (one below 18, one from 18 to 60, one above 60)
Explanation: There are three partitions: invalid low, valid, and invalid high. One representative value from each is enough. ALSO KNOW (related points): • Which black-box technique is best suited to testing combinations of business rules, such as discounts that depend on membership and order size? → Decision table testing • Which technique tests the valid and invalid transitions of a system, such as an ATM card being blocked after 3 wrong PINs? → State transition testing

Correct Answer: B. 0, 1, 100, 101
Explanation: Test each boundary and its nearest invalid neighbor. Three-value BVA also adds 2 and 99. ALSO KNOW (related points): • What best describes black-box testing? → Tests are designed from the specification, without knowledge of the internal code • A tester uses experience to guess likely failure points, such as dividing by zero or submitting an empty input. What is this technique? → Error guessing • A system has 3 parameters with 3 values each. Exhaustive testing needs 27 cases. Which technique reduces this while still covering every pair of values? → Pairwise (all-pairs) testing

Correct Answer: A. 4
Explanation: V(G) = number of decision points + 1 = 3 + 1 = 4. 8 would be the number of paths, not the number of independent paths. ALSO KNOW (related points): • In McCabe's formula V(G) = E - N + 2P, what does each symbol stand for? → E = edges, N = nodes, P = connected components • What does cyclomatic complexity give you for testing purposes? → The number of linearly independent paths, which is the minimum number of test cases for basis path coverage

Correct Answer: C. 100% branch coverage implies 100% statement coverage, but not the other way round
Explanation: For an if with no else, a single test that takes the true branch covers every statement but not the false branch. ALSO KNOW (related points): • What does mutation testing measure? → How well a test suite detects small, deliberate faults (mutants) inserted into the code • In TDD (Test-Driven Development), what is the correct cycle? → Red (write a failing test) → Green (make it pass) → Refactor

Correct Answer: C. 1 for statement coverage; 2 for branch coverage
Explanation: Branch coverage also needs a test that takes the false outcome. ALSO KNOW (related points): • What does a unit test framework's assertion do? → It checks an expected condition and marks the test as failed if the condition is false • In unit testing, what is a mock object? → A simulated dependency that also verifies how it was called

Correct Answer: D. Binary search over the commits (for example, git bisect)
Explanation: Binary search over 60 commits takes about 6 steps. ALSO KNOW (related points): • What does a debugger's breakpoint do? → It pauses execution at a chosen line so you can inspect variables • Which debugging technique explains the code line by line to someone else (or an object) to discover the bug? → Rubber duck debugging • A test oracle is: → The source of the expected result used to decide whether a test passed • What is the main purpose of version control systems such as Git? → To track changes, allow collaboration, and allow reverting to earlier versions • Restructuring code to improve readability without changing its external behavior is called: → Refactoring • What does 'defensive programming' mean? → Validating inputs and handling unexpected conditions so the program fails safely • Which metric is defined as the number of defects per KLOC (thousand lines of code)? → Defect density

Correct Answer: C. It values working software over comprehensive documentation, while still recognizing value in documentation
Explanation: A common misconception is that Agile means no documentation. The manifesto ranks priorities; it does not ban documents. ALSO KNOW (related points): • Which Extreme Programming (XP) practice has two developers working at one workstation? → Pair programming