FPSC- Programmer (BS-17) - PMD High Yield - 2026 — Test 3

Correct Answer: D. [[1, 0], [1, 0]]
Explanation: The outer * copies references, so both rows are the same list. Use [[0]*2 for _ in range(2)] to get independent rows. ALSO KNOW (related points): • What does x = {} create in Python? → An empty dict • What is the difference between copy.copy and copy.deepcopy in Python? → copy.copy duplicates only the outer container; deepcopy recursively copies the nested objects as well

Correct Answer: B. None
Explanation: list.sort() sorts in place and returns None. sorted() returns a new list. ALSO KNOW (related points): • Which of these values is truthy in Python? → "0" • Which of these Python types is mutable? → bytearray • What does None == False evaluate to in Python? → False

Correct Answer: D. "object" and "number"
Explanation: typeof null returning "object" is a long-standing bug in the language. NaN is a numeric value. ALSO KNOW (related points): • Which description of JavaScript's typing is correct? → Dynamically and weakly typed • What is the maximum number of nodes in a binary tree of height h (where a tree with only a root has height 0)? → 2^(h+1) - 1

Correct Answer: B. Average O(1); worst O(n)
Explanation: When many keys collide in one bucket, lookup degrades to linear time. ALSO KNOW (related points): • Which pairing of abstract data type and access order is correct? → Stack: LIFO; Queue: FIFO • Which statement best defines an Abstract Data Type (ADT)? → A type defined by its operations and behavior, independent of how it is implemented

Correct Answer: D. (NOT A) OR (NOT B)
Explanation: Negating a conjunction gives the disjunction of the negations. Changing only the operator (or only the operands) is a common mistake. ALSO KNOW (related points): • How many rows does a complete truth table for 4 input variables have? → 16

Correct Answer: C. A + B
Explanation: A + A'B = (A + A')(A + B) = 1·(A + B) = A + B. ALSO KNOW (related points): • Simplify the Boolean expression A + AB. → A • Simplify (A AND B) OR (A AND NOT B). → A

Correct Answer: C. NAND
Explanation: NAND and NOR are both universal. AND, OR, and XOR cannot produce NOT by themselves. ALSO KNOW (related points): • What does a NOR gate output when both of its inputs are 0? → 1 • In C, what is the value of x ^ x for any int x? → 0

Correct Answer: D. x <= 5 || y >= 3
Explanation: Apply De Morgan's law: switch && to ||. Also note that the negation of > is <=, not <. ALSO KNOW (related points): • How many select lines does a 4-to-1 multiplexer need? → 2

Correct Answer: B. If the ground is not wet, it did not rain (the contrapositive)
Explanation: Only the contrapositive is equivalent to the original statement. The converse and the inverse are classic logical fallacies. ALSO KNOW (related points): • The implication A → B is logically equivalent to: → (NOT A) OR B • When is the implication 'if P then Q' false? → Only when P is true and Q is false

Correct Answer: D. Sum = A XOR B; Carry = A AND B
Explanation: 1 + 1 = 10 in binary, so the sum bit is 0 and the carry bit is 1. ALSO KNOW (related points): • What is the value of 1 XOR 1 XOR 1? → 1 • The XOR swap a ^= b; b ^= a; a ^= b; is applied when a and b refer to the same memory location (for example, swap(&arr[i], &arr[i])). What is the result? → The value becomes 0