System Administrator 2026 — Test 22

Correct Answer: A. A. F
Explanation: Hierarchical routing is to divide the network into tiers that are regions, clusters, zones, groups and so on. Because of this hierarchy, the router need not to have entries for every router in the network. And, it is enough to have entries for routers from the same region and each entry for; clusters, zones, groups, depending on the level of hierarchy.

Correct Answer: A. A. Levels = ln m
Explanation: A network with “ln M” levels and “e ln M” entries for each router can be treated as optimum in levelling. This was discovered by Kamoun and Kleinrock in 1979.

Correct Answer: A. A. 4; 500, 300, 600, 200
Explanation: Network has two level hierarchy and router in the first part has 3 extra entries more than the number of routers in that part. This indicates that the network has divided into 4 parts. After subtracting 500, 300 and 600 from 1600, we get 200 routers in the last part.

Correct Answer: B. B. Non-optimal
Explanation: Hierarchical routing is simple but it is not optimum. In order to achieve optimum route, every router must be aware of all the routers in the network, it is not possible in hierarchical routing.

Correct Answer: C. C. Non-optimal
Explanation: Hierarchical routing does not provide optimum paths for the packet transmission, because every router is not aware of the routes other that the core routers. And, each region may use different local routing algorithms which makes routing non-optimal.

Correct Answer: A. A. True
Explanation: A large network is divided into levels which facilitates the devices with good channel allocation. As the number of devices decreases for each part(region), the network communication will be easy in regions.

Correct Answer: D. D. Number of ports
Explanation: Number of ports don’t affect the traffic because each port will have its own collision domain to provide descent traffic. MAC address is used to send the packets to destination ports to avoid collision.

Correct Answer: C. C. Enterprise managed switch
Explanation: Enterprise managed switch has advanced features like SNMP age, web interface and CLI prompt. Unlike unmanaged switches, it can modify the changes, display, restore and backup the configuration.

Correct Answer: A. A. Filtering the data
Explanation: Main disadvantage of the hub is, it broadcasts every message without filtering the address in it. As the hub has no intelligence, it sends packets to every port. Also, bandwidth will be wasted for the ports, which are not interested in receiving the packet.

Correct Answer: D. D. Passive, active, intelligent
Explanation: Passive hubs are used in physical networks, where each device is connected to it physically. Active hubs keep an eye on packets that are being transmitted using store technology. Intelligent hubs have more features such as problem resolving, good performance.