FPSC- Programmer (BS-17) - Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD) Model Papers - 2026 — Part 6 (100 Q)

Correct Answer: B. V-Model
Explanation: In the V-Model, requirements map to acceptance testing, high-level design to system and integration testing, and detailed design to unit testing. Waterfall leaves all testing until after coding. ALSO KNOW (related points): • What is the main weakness of the Waterfall model? → Requirement changes discovered late are expensive, because each phase must be finished before the next starts • In which SDLC phase is a feasibility study (technical, economic, and operational) performed? → Planning / requirement analysis, before design begins • In which phase is a defect cheapest to fix? → Requirements phase • What is the difference between iterative and incremental development? → Incremental adds new pieces of functionality in each release; iterative repeatedly refines the same functionality

Correct Answer: D. Spiral model
Explanation: Boehm's spiral model has four quadrants: objectives, risk analysis, development, and planning. ALSO KNOW (related points): • Which model is best suited when the requirements are unclear and users need to see something early to refine them? → Prototyping model • Which estimation technique measures software size from the functionality delivered to users (inputs, outputs, inquiries, files, interfaces)? → Function Point Analysis

Correct Answer: A. Requirement changes discovered late are expensive, because each phase must be finished before the next starts
Explanation: Waterfall works best when the requirements are stable and well understood.

Correct Answer: D. The Product Owner
Explanation: The Scrum Master is a facilitator and coach, not a manager. Scrum has no 'project manager' role. ALSO KNOW (related points): • What is a Sprint in Scrum? → A fixed time-box, usually 1 to 4 weeks, that produces a potentially releasable increment

Correct Answer: D. A fixed time-box, usually 1 to 4 weeks, that produces a potentially releasable increment
Explanation: The daily 15-minute meeting is the Daily Scrum.

Correct Answer: B. Prototyping model
Explanation: A throwaway or evolutionary prototype helps users clarify what they actually need.

Correct Answer: A. Planning / requirement analysis, before design begins
Explanation: The feasibility study decides whether the project should go ahead at all.

Correct Answer: A. Adaptive maintenance
Explanation: Corrective maintenance fixes bugs, perfective adds or improves features, and preventive restructures code to avoid future problems. ALSO KNOW (related points): • What distinguishes Continuous Delivery from Continuous Deployment? → With Continuous Delivery every change is releasable but production release is a manual decision; Continuous Deployment releases every passing change automatically • According to Brooks' Law, what happens when people are added to a late software project? → It becomes later, because of ramp-up time and the extra communication overhead

Correct Answer: B. Perfective (enhancements requested by users)
Explanation: A common misconception is that most maintenance is bug fixing. Studies show that enhancements dominate. ALSO KNOW (related points): • Which Kanban practice is central to improving flow? → Limiting work in progress (WIP)

Correct Answer: B. Requirements phase
Explanation: The cost of fixing a defect rises sharply in each later phase, which is why early reviews pay off.