Translation & Execution — Test 1

Correct Answer: A. It translates and executes code statement by statement, so an error on a later line may not be reported until execution reaches it
Explanation: An interpreter executes as it translates. Errors in unexecuted paths can go unnoticed, and no standalone executable is produced.

Correct Answer: A. It compiles the source to bytecode, which the Python virtual machine then executes
Explanation: A common misconception is that Python has no compilation step. CPython compiles to bytecode (.pyc), which the PVM interprets. ALSO KNOW (related points): • What does a JIT (Just-In-Time) compiler do? → It compiles intermediate code (such as bytecode) into native machine code while the program is running • In standard C++, what happens when an integer is divided by zero (int x = 5 / y; with y == 0)? → Undefined behavior: the standard does not guarantee any exception • Which statement about compiled and interpreted languages is most accurate? → 'Compiled' and 'interpreted' describe implementations, not languages; the same language can have both kinds of implementation

Correct Answer: D. Linker
Explanation: The linker combines object files and resolves external symbols. The loader only places the finished executable in memory at run time.

Correct Answer: B. Preprocessing → Compilation → Assembly → Linking
Explanation: #include and macros are expanded first, then the code is compiled to assembly, assembled to object code, and linked. ALSO KNOW (related points): • What does #include <iostream> do in C++? → The preprocessor textually inserts the header's contents before compilation

Correct Answer: C. At link time
Explanation: The compiler accepts the call because the prototype exists. Only the linker discovers that no definition exists. ALSO KNOW (related points): • Which statement about an interpreter is correct? → It translates and executes code statement by statement, so an error on a later line may not be reported until execution reaches it • In a C++ build, which component resolves calls to functions defined in other object files or libraries? → Linker

Correct Answer: D. The preprocessor textually inserts the header's contents before compilation
Explanation: #include is a preprocessor directive that performs textual inclusion. Library code itself is resolved later by the linker.

Correct Answer: B. It compiles intermediate code (such as bytecode) into native machine code while the program is running
Explanation: JIT compilers (in the JVM or .NET CLR, for example) translate hot bytecode to native code at run time for speed.

Correct Answer: D. Cross compiler
Explanation: A cross compiler produces code for a platform different from the one it runs on. A transpiler converts source code to source code in another language.

Correct Answer: C. Logic error
Explanation: Logic errors produce wrong results without any error message. They are the hardest type to detect. ALSO KNOW (related points): • A compiler running on Windows x86 generates executables for an ARM microcontroller. What is it called? → Cross compiler

Correct Answer: D. Undefined behavior: the standard does not guarantee any exception
Explanation: Unlike Java or Python, C++ throws no standard exception for integer division by zero. The behavior is undefined (often a hardware trap).